Exosomes in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases

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Howitt, Jason and Hill, Andrew F ORCID: 0000-0001-5581-2354 (2016) Exosomes in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291 (52). pp. 26589-26597. ISSN 0021-9258

Abstract

More than 30 years ago, two unexpected findings were discovered that challenged conventional thinking in biology. The first was the identification of a misfolded protein with transmissible properties associated with a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The second was the discovery of a new pathway used for the extracellular release of biomolecules, including extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Two decades later, the convergence of these pathways was shown when exosomes were found to play a significant role in both the transmission and propagation of protein aggregates in disease. Recent research hasnowrevealed that the majority of proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are transported in exosomes, and that external stresses due to age-related impairment of protein quality control mechanisms can promote the transcellular flux of these proteins in exosomes. Significantly, exosomes provide an environment that can induce the conformational conversion of native proteins into aggregates that can be transmitted to otherwise aggregate-free cells in the brain. Here we review the current roles of exosomes in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Item type Article
URI https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/eprint/45742
DOI 10.1074/jbc.R116.757955
Official URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/...
Subjects Current > FOR (2020) Classification > 3101 Biochemistry and cell biology
Current > FOR (2020) Classification > 3209 Neurosciences
Current > Division/Research > Chancellery
Keywords neurodegenerative disease, exomes, misfolded proteins, biomolecules
Citations in Scopus 157 - View on Scopus
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