Gulab, Nargis (2025) Family violence in migrant Pashtun communities in Australia: perpetrators, causes, impact, and support mechanisms. Research Master thesis, Victoria University.

Abstract

Family violence (FV) is a serious problem in Pakistan, and women of all socioeconomic backgrounds are said to be at risk. Feminist scholars have argued that gender-based violence is in part attributable to oppressive patriarchal systems in which men are perceived to be inherently superior to women. The overall aim of this study was to explore Pashtun women's understandings and experiences of FV, which occurred when they were living in Khyber Pukhtun Khwa Pakistan. Using a socio-ecological framework it sought to examine the systemic, structural and cultural factors that contribute to FV in Pashtun families. It also examined the impact of FV and the support systems available to women. This study employed a qualitative study design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Pashtun women who were living in Australia. Interview data was thematically analysed and revealed that entrenched patriarchal norms, cultural practices, and socio-economic dependencies contributed to the perpetration of FV. The study identified in-laws, social norms, and financial conditions as key factors influencing FV, with mothers-in-law frequently instigating abuse. The findings also highlighted the profound psychological and emotional toll on women and their children who often endured social isolation, inadequate access to healthcare, and both verbal and physical abuse. The study’s findings indicate that a multifaceted approach is required to help combat FV in the Pashtun community. This includes education and collaboration with government and non-government agencies to raise awareness of the issue of FV in the Pashtun community and to help develop strategies to better support women. It may also involve working with religious leaders to help facilitate a cultural shift away from patriarchal attitudes that perpetuate violence, towards greater respect and equality for women. This study gives voice to experiences of Pashtun women who have experienced FV, and it will potentially contribute to better understanding of the underlying causes of FV in the Pashtun community and can guide efforts to help prevent FV in this community.

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