Jolley, Ainsley (2004) New Technologies, Industry Developments and Emission Trends in Key Sectors: The Land Transportation Sector. Working Paper. Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

Abstract

Sustainability means capable of being continued. Sustainable transport means finding ways of meeting transportation needs that are environmentally sound, socially equitable, and economically viable in the long term. To be economically sustainable, transport must be cost-effective and continuously responsive to changing demands. Cost-effective transportation is not easily secured because travellers are not directly confronted with many of the overall social costs associated with transportation. The combination of externalities and a lack of pricing of road space often gives rise to traffic congestion, a significant problem in many of the larger cities of the advanced economies (the net social costs of traffic congestion are estimated to be between two and three per cent of GDP in the advanced economies)1 and an acute problem in many third world megacities (notably Bangkok, where costs could be as high as 8 per cent of regional gross product, and Mexico City).

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