Brain tumours are the second most c o m m o n form of cancer in children. The majority of children treated for brain tumour survive, but they can experience a number of neurological and neuropsychological sequelae. A range of tumour, treatment, and psychosocial factors cumulatively and interactively determine long-term sequelae in these children. There is a paucity of research on neuropsychological outcomes, and the determinants of these outcomes, in children treated for brain tumour with surgery-only. This is because they represent a minority of children treated for brain tumour. Research has focused on children treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy where the effects can be devastating. The present study examined neuropsychological outcome in children treated with surgery-only to identify risk factors for poor outcome, to determine sequelae according to tumour location, and to explore the process of recovery over a one-year period.