Thesis by publication. The following chapters are permitted as published by Elsevier. Elsevier has a policy of allowing published articles to remain in theses. First 2 papers in chapter 3. All papers in chapter 4. Paper in chapter 6. https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions (click on Can I include/use my article in my thesis/dissertation). The following papers are not permitted and have been replaced with a citation page: Paper 3 in chapter 3, and paper 1 in chapter 5. Paper 2 in chapter 5 has not been published, so permitted. Paper which forms Chapter 6. and paper 2 in chapter 4 are not published versions. Post prints submitted for review. According to https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/sharing permitted with necessary citation inserted. Signature on PDF removed and full-text attachment replaced. LM 13/07/20