A rising concern about the severity and impact of natural hazards and global environmental change on tourism destinations only add another layer to the growing debate in tourism circles over suitable solutions in dealing with multiple shocks and stressors that affect tourist flows to tourism destinations. Climate change concerns have increased interest in finding robust yet flexible solutions to help destination communities and supporting agencies effectively respond to change. The development of the theoretical framework and practical toolkit will be used to help build resilience and promote adaptation in three destination regions: (i) the Great Ocean Road tourism destination region in Victoria and the sector that supports it, (ii) the South Pacific, and (iii) Bali. The information gained from destination vulnerability and resilience assessments provide the foundational knowledge needed to address existing weaknesses, capitalise on new opportunities and stimulate long-term positive action, change and transformation. Pinpointing current weaknesses and the scale at which they occur enables destination communities, governance bodies and, policy makers to adjust current practices and formulate and apply new strategies where they are most effective, based on trade-offs among different interests in society.