MA 12/12/16 Record updated to reflect thesis by publication procedures. All papers permitted. All published by Elsevier. Elsevier has a policy of allowing published articles to remain in theses.  https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions (click onCan I include/use my article in my thesis/dissertation). Chapter five remains unpublished. PDF replaced with signatures redacted LM 31/01/20