330 629 311 3 3018 document 311 ohtsk93162.txt text/plain 62622 2011-09-09 10:20:06 https://vuir.vu.edu.au/330/1/ohtsk93162.txt 330 1 text/plain text en public

ohtsk93162.txt

http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/10768 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/10768 http://eprints.org/relation/hasIndexCodesVersion https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/10768 10768 3 1734679 document 10768 indexcodes.txt text/plain 0623121db7be50afe747b9e006be790a MD5 9819 2013-02-06 17:33:53 https://vuir.vu.edu.au/330/2/indexcodes.txt 330 2 2 text/plain other Generate index codes conversion from text/plain to indexcodes en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/311 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/311 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf https://vuir.vu.edu.au/id/document/311 archive 43 disk0/00/00/03/30 2006-02-14 2021-08-27 07:39:23 2008-08-19 19:52:13 conference_item show Ohtsuka Keis Ohtsuka, Keis pub 380000 Psychology reading comprehension, text genres, mental models, mental representation, inference, question answering This study examined: (1) how and to what extent text genres influence the characteristics of mental models readers build from text; (2) whether the characteristics of mental models change if the subjects know the nature of questions that will follow the reading session. Seventy undergraduates, read one of the three text genres, descriptive, procedural, or narrative that were based on the same underlying information and later answered three types of inference questions about spatial information. The three types of inference questions were constructed so that each question type would be more similar than the other two question types to the characteristics of a model derived from the text. Accuracy scores and response time data showed that the mental models derived from the descriptive text showed two-dimensional characteristics, whereas the models built from the other two genres were one-dimensional. The results were similar to those from the previous study (Ohtsuka, 1990). When the subjects were asked to read a different text genre for the second time, however, the effect of text genre became statistically nonsignificant. The results indicate that the subjects were able to build optimal mental models for answering questions when they could anticipate the content of questions. The findings suggest that mental models built from text are flexible representations that readers actively manipulate rather than static, rigid structures that simply hold the textual information for retrieval. 1994 published Australian Association for Research in Education http://www.aare.edu.au public paper Proceedings of the 1993 Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference Fremantle, Western Australia 1993 conference UNSPECIFIED FALSE 1324-9339 1324-9339 Proceedings of the 1993 Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia Anderson, R. C., & Pichert, J. W. (1978). Recall of previously unrecallable information following a shift in perspective. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 1-12. Brewer, W. F. (1980). Literary theory, rhetoric, and stylistics: Implications for psychology. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 221-239). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Brewer, W. F. (1987). Schemas versus mental models in human memory. In P. Morris (Ed.), Modelling cognition (pp. 187-197). Chichester, UK: Wiley. Brewer, W. F., & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1981). Event schema, story schemas, and story grammars. In J. Long & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX (pp. 363-379). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Brewer, W. F., & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1982). Stories are to entertain: A structural-affect theory of stories. Journal of Pragmatics, 6, 473-486. Brewer, W. F., & Nakamura, G. V. (1984). The nature and function of schemas. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition vol. 1 (pp. 119-160). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Brewer, W. F., & Ohtsuka, K. (1988a). Story structure and reader affect in American and Hungarian short stories. In C. Martindale (Ed.), Psychological Approaches to the Study of Literary Narratives (pp. 133-158). Hamburg: Buske. Brewer, W. F., & Ohtsuka, K. (1988b). Story structure, characterization, just world organization, and reader affect in American and Hungarian short stories. Poetics, 17, 395-415. Bryant, D. J., Tversky, B., & Franklin, N. (1992). Internal and external spatial frameworks for representing described scenes. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 74-98. Byrne, R. M. J., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1989). Spatial reasoning. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 564-575. Ehrlich, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). Spatial descriptions and referential continuity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 296-306. Franklin, N., & Tversky, B. (1990). Searching imagined environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119, 63-76. Glenberg, A. M., Meyer, M., & Lindem, K. (1987). Mental models contribute to foregrounding during text comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 69-83. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Morrow, D. G. (1985). Prominent characters and events organize narrative understanding. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 304-319. Morrow, D. G. (1986). Places as referents in discourse. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 676-690. Morrow, D. G., Greenspan, S. L., & Bower, G. H. (1987). Accessibility and situation models in narrative comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 165-187. Ohtsuka, K. (1990). Variation in mental models of text as a function of genre (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 1169A. Ohtsuka, K., & Brewer, W. F. (1992). Discourse organization in the comprehension of temporal order in narrative texts. Discourse Processes, 15, 317-336. Perrig, W., & Kintsch, W. (1985). Propositional and situational representations of text. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 503-518. Pichert, J. W., & Anderson, R. C. (1977). Taking different perspectives on a story. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, 309-315. Pugh, J. (1991). The timer XFCN Ver. 1.1.1 [Computer program]. Cupertino, CA: Apple Computer. (Available via anonymous ftp from mac.archive.umich.edu) Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1992). Spatial mental models derived from survey and route representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 261- 292. Thorndyke, P. W., & Hayes-Roth, B. (1982). Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 560-589. van Dijk, T. A. (1976). Philosophy of action and theory of narrative. Poetics, 5, 287-338. FALSE