The present study examines the role of native landowners in the operation of Fiji's parks and reserves. It is anticipated that the attitude and level of involvement of native landowners will depend upon the level of economic and/or tourism development that has occured in the particular park and reserve. It is also anticipated that hostility and antagonism towards the park and reserve system will occur in certain areas where the prevailing arrangements are not perceived as delivering tangible benefits or where alternative forms of activity are available to the native landowners.