Thesis by publication. Articles which form chapters 2B, 3, 5 (5 not published at this time) are permitted by Elsevier.  Elsevier has a policy of allowing published articles to remain in theses.  https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions (click on Can I include/use my article in my thesis/dissertation). Article which forms chapter 4 is permitted under a CC license. The nosignature attachment was provided by the author. LM 22/01/20