Thesis by publication.
Chapters 4, 5, & 6 permitted as published by Elsevier.  Elsevier has a policy of allowing published articles to remain in theses.  https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/copyright/permissions (click on Can I include/use my article in my thesis/dissertation).
Ch. 3 & 7 permitted as both have CC licenses as indicated on the articles.
LM 05/05/2022