There is renewed interest in better aligning vocational education and training (VET) and higher education (HE). This report explores the characteristics and sustainability of different models of highly integrated VET and HE qualifications. The research finds that highly integrated arrangements are difficult and expensive to develop, and often difficult to sustain. These models may be more widespread and sustainable, however, if providers are supported with the expertise and resources to undertake mapping processes, where providers and their staff in the two sectors trust and value each other, where employers value both VET and HE, and students find demands associated with integrated offerings acceptable.