Although health benefits of physical activity are well established in the literature, nearly 30% of the global population is insufficiently active. Sports Club for Health (SCforH) initiatives that are aimed to promote health-enhancing physical activity require a deep understanding of the prevalence, time trends, and socio-demographic correlates of physical activity and sport participation in different countries. This chapter summarises recent evidence on the prevalence and time trends of physical activity, with a focus on the European Union. To inform Sports Club for Health initiatives, we also explored the contribution of sport to overall leisure time physical activity among different population age groups, as well as the prevalence and time trends of sports participation in the European Union.