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Identifying access and efficiency limitations under the subscription-based publishing model that has dominated scientific publishing, this paper explores the potential impacts of enhanced access to research outputs. We develop a modified growth model, introducing access and efficiency into calculating the returns to R&amp;D. Indicative impact ranges are presented for gross expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD) and government expenditure on R&amp;D (GovERD) for all OECD countries. We conclude that there may be substantial benefits to be gained from increased access to research findings, and our preliminary estimates suggest that this may be fertile ground for further policy relevant inquiry.</abstract>
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