This introductory chapter sets out the context for addressing new areas of scholarship in sexuality and gender identities and the significance of including the voices of LGBT populations in social work scholarship. These impact well-being, but are not at the forefront of social work education and practice. The overall book content is linked to our examination of the life course in social work which can otherwise be institutionalised in their approach and themes. The chapter synopses are provided and broader public health and well-being themes are highlighted from their content. The chapter calls for readers to challenge normative life course theories so as to promote human rights and justice for marginalised individuals and groups.