The application of membrane filtration processes in wastewater treatment is gaining  polularity in the world today as there is increasing demand for waste reclamation. Compared to conventional treatment methods, membrane filtration is an effective method to remove particles, microorganisms and organic matter from real wastewater, consistently achieving high quality treated water. However, the most critical limitation of current membrane filtration is membrane fowling. Improvements to membrane surfaces are investigated to reduce permeation flux.