Physical exercise is used, both in acute and in chronic form, as a method to investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle. This study shows for the first time the effects of acute and chronic repeated sprint exercise (RSE), with short maximal sprints and brief recovery, on the molecular events associated with mitochondrial biogenesis signaling. Both acute and chronic RSE, despite only 60 s and 12 min of exercise, respectively, altered the molecular associated with mitochondrial adaptations