The objective of this paper is to investigate the suitability of various ETo estimation methods and to calibrate them for use in short-term irrigation planning and operational studies in the GMIA. Ten methods, ranging from simple temperature- based to complex data-intensive combination methods were considered in this study. The first part of this paper describes the theoretical details of the selected ETo estimation methods, including the estimation of parameters associated with these methods, followed by a discussion of the performance and calibration of these methods at three study sites in southeast Australia.