Rivera, Elise, Veitch, Jenny ORCID: 0000-0001-8962-0887, Loh, Venurs ORCID: 0000-0003-1821-1087, Salmon, Jo ORCID: 0000-0002-4734-6354, Cerin, Ester ORCID: 0000-0002-7599-165X, Mavoa, Suzanne ORCID: 0000-0002-6071-2988, Villanueva, Karen and Timperio, Anna ORCID: 0000-0002-8773-5012 (2022) Outdoor public recreation spaces and social connectedness among adolescents. BMC Public Health, 22 (1). ISSN 1471-2458

Abstract

Abstract Background: Outdoor public recreation spaces are important settings for leisure and physical activity. Adolescents’ use of these spaces may contribute to social connectedness via social interaction with peers and the community in these settings. However, research on this topic is limited. This exploratory study examined associations of frequency of visitation and physical activity in outdoor public recreation spaces with social connectedness among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: Adolescents self-reported their frequency of visitation to parks, trails, beach/lake, and sports facilities; frequency of physical activity in a park, local street or path, and their street; and social connectedness. Separate analyses were conducted for visitation (n=349, 15.4±1.6 years, 58% female) and physical activity (n=441, 15.4±1.6 years, 59% female) using multilevel linear regression models. Results: No signifcant associations were observed for frequency of visitation to a park (B=0.86, 95% CI=−0.26, 1.99), trails (B=0.41, 95% CI=−0.61, 1.44), beach/lake (B=−0.44, 95% CI=−1.46, 0.57), or sports facilities (B=0.64, 95% CI=−0.43, 1.70), nor for frequency of physical activity in their street (B=−0.07, 95% CI=−0.46, 0.31), local street/path (B=−0.05, 95% CI=−0.43, 0.33) or in a park (B=0.23, 95% CI=−0.14, 0.60) with adolescents’ social connectedness. Conclusions: The fndings did not support the hypothesis that visiting and being active in outdoor public recreation spaces are associated with adolescents’ social connectedness. Future research should consider the duration and context of outdoor public recreation space use (e.g., sports, socialising, relaxing alone) and whether diferent types and/or a combination of public spaces are more/less conducive to social connectedness

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